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Demographics of Chile

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Demographics of Chile
Chile population pyramid in 2020
Population19,493,184[1][2]
Growth rate0.63% (2023 est.)[3]
Birth rate12.57 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)[3]
Death rate6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)[3]
Life expectancy80.02 years
 • male77.04 years
 • female83.13 years (2023 est.)[3]
Fertility rate1.17 children born/woman (2023 est.)[3]
Infant mortality rate6.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)[3]
Net migration rate0.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)[3]
Age structure
0–14 years19.34% (male 1,829,801/female 1,758,137)
15–64 years67.56% (male 6,259,566/female 6,273,074)
65 and over13.09% (male 1,024,692/female 1,404,187) (2023 est.)[3]
Sex ratio
Total0.97 male(s)/female (2023)
At birth1.04 male(s)/female
Under 151.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years1 male(s)/female
65 and over0.73 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityChilean
Major ethnic
Minor ethnic
Language
OfficialSpanish (de facto)
SpokenLanguages of Chile

Chile's 2017 census reported a population of 17,574,003 people. Its rate of population growth has been decreasing since 1990, due to a declining birth rate.[6] By 2050 the population is expected to reach approximately 20.2 million people, at which point it is projected to either stagnate or begin declining.[7] About 85% of the country's population lives in urban areas, with 40% living in Greater Santiago alone. The largest agglomerations according to the 2002 census are Greater Santiago with 5.6 million people, Greater Concepción with 861,000 and Greater Valparaíso with 824,000.[8]

Population size and structure

[edit]
Census population
YearPop.±%
1835 1,103,036—    
1843 1,083,701−1.8%
1854 1,446,031+33.4%
1865 1,819,223+25.8%
1875 2,075,971+14.1%
1885 2,527,320+21.7%
1895 2,687,985+6.4%
1907 3,249,279+20.9%
1920 3,753,799+15.5%
1930 4,287,445+14.2%
1940 5,023,539+17.2%
1952 5,932,995+18.1%
1960 7,374,115+24.3%
1970 8,884,768+20.5%
1982 11,329,736+27.5%
1992 13,348,401+17.8%
2002 15,116,435+13.2%
2012 16,634,603+10.0%
2017 17,574,003+5.6%
Source:[9]

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[1][2] the total population was 19,493,184 in 2021, compared to only 6,143,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2015 was 20.1%, 69.0% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 10.9% was 65 years or older.[10]

Year Total population
( × 1000) 		Population percentage in age bracket
0–14 15–64 65+
1950 6 143
36.7%
59.0%
4.3%
1955 6 862
38.1%
57.4%
4.5%
1960 7 696
39.4%
55.8%
4.8%
1965 8 612
40.4%
54.5%
5.0%
1970 9 562
39.6%
55.2%
5.2%
1975 10 421
36.9%
57.7%
5.4%
1980 11 234
33.0%
61.4%
5.7%
1985 12 109
30.6%
63.2%
6.2%
1990 13 141
29.3%
64.2%
6.5%
1995 14 194
28.2%
64.8%
7.0%
2000 15 170
26.5%
65.8%
7.7%
2005 16 097
24.0%
67.5%
8.5%
2010 17 015
21.9%
68.5%
9.6%
2015 17 948
20.1%
69.0%
10.9%
2020 19 116
19.2%
68.5%
12.2%



See also: List of cities in Chile

Structure of the population

[edit]
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2013): [11]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 8 688 067 8 868 748 17 556 815 100
0–4 639 270 615 764 1 255 034 7.15
5–9 633 287 610 458 1 243 745 7.08
10–14 648 484 625 765 1 274 249 7.26
15–19 707 959 684 424 1 392 383 7.93
20–24 749 460 727,530 1 476 990 8.41
25–29 710 354 693 723 1 404 077 8.00
30–34 634 056 624 375 1 258 431 7.17
35–39 598 029 595 813 1 193 842 6.80
40–44 612 898 617 259 1 230 157 7.01
45–49 610 366 621 300 1 231 666 7.02
50–54 574 320 592 349 1 166 669 6.65
55–59 468 437 492 763 961 200 5.47
60–64 359 065 390 681 749 746 4.27
65–69 276 510 317 107 593 617 3.38
70–74 200 585 247 698 448 283 2.55
75–79 133 715 183 899 317 614 1.81
80+ 131 272 227 840 359 112 2.05
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 1 921 041 1 851 987 3 773 028 21.49
15–64 6 024 944 6 040 217 12 065 161 68.72
65+ 742 082 976 544 1 718 626 9.79
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (30.VI.2021) (Post-censal estimates.): [12]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 9 708 512 9 969 851 19 678 363 100
0–4 600 632 578 263 1 178 895 5.99
5–9 651 336 627 814 1 279 150 6.50
10–14 655 232 632 388 1 287 620 6.54
15–19 631 851 610 954 1 242 805 6.32
20–24 719 079 697 050 1 416 129 7.20
25–29 827 115 802 756 1 629 871 8.28
30–34 842 111 817 367 1 659 478 8.43
35–39 738 934 722 171 1 461 105 7.42
40–44 683 807 678 365 1 362 172 6.92
45–49 644 339 651 942 1 296 281 6.59
50–54 602 079 622 931 1 225 010 6.23
55–59 566 471 601 133 1 167 604 5.93
60–64 483 184 530 360 1 013 544 5.15
65-69 393 552 450 783 844 335 4.29
70-74 278 885 336 455 615 340 3.13
75-79 184 713 246 241 430 954 2.19
80-84 113 029 174 032 287 061 1.46
85-89 59 048 109 156 168 204 0.85
90-94 26 017 57 951 83 968 0.43
95-99 6 154 17 742 23 896 0.12
100+ 944 3 997 4 941 0.03
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 1 907 200 1 838 465 3 745 665 19.03
15–64 6 738 970 6 735 029 13 473 999 68.47
65+ 1 062 342 1 396 357 2 458 699 12.49

Vital statistics

[edit]

Official statistics

[edit]
[13] Average population Live births [14] Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Crude migration change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
1950 6,081,000 206,582 91,180 115,402 34.0 15.0 19.0
1951 6,218,000 209,794 92,728 117,066 33.7 14.9 18.8 3.3
1952 6,354,000 225,758 81,966 143,792 35.5 12.9 22.6 -1.3
1953 6,491,000 222,956 80,068 142,888 34.3 12.4 21.9 -0.9
1954 6,627,000 220,968 84,519 136,449 33.3 12.8 20.5 -0.1
1955 6,764,000 237,213 87,843 149,370 35.1 13.0 22.1 -1.9
1956 6,940,000 249,756 84,199 165,557 36.0 12.1 23.9 1.5
1957 7,116,000 262,746 91,506 171,240 36.9 12.9 24.0 0.7
1958 7,291,000 263,418 88,930 174,488 36.1 12.2 23.9 0.1
1959 7,467,000 267,657 94,491 173,166 35.8 12.7 23.1 0.4
1960 7,643,000 282,681 95,486 187,195 37.0 12.5 24.5 -1.5
1961 7,843,000 290,412 91,348 199,064 37.0 11.6 25.4 0.1
1962 8,044,000 304,930 94,874 210,056 37.9 11.8 26.1 -1.2
1963 8,245,000 309,908 98,293 211,615 37.6 11.9 25.7 -1.3
1964 8,445,000 306,050 94,058 211,992 36.2 11.1 25.1 -1.5
1965 8,646,000 308,014 91,648 216,366 35.6 10.6 25.0 -1.8
1966 8,831,000 295,761 95,450 200,311 33.5 10.8 22.7 -1.8
1967 9,015,000 277,009 86,840 190,169 30.7 9.6 21.1 -0.7
1970 9,569,000 261,609 83,014 178,595 27.3 8.7 18.6 0.6
1971 9,738,000 273,518 83,456 190,062 28.1 8.6 19.5 -2.2
1972 9,907,000 277,891 87,429 190,462 28.0 8.8 19.2 -2.2
1973 10,076,000 276,650 80,994 195,656 27.5 8.0 19.5 -2.7
1974 10,244,000 267,977 78,493 189,484 26.2 7.7 18.5 -2.1
1975 10,413,000 256,543 74,481 182,062 24.6 7.2 17.4 -1.3
1976 10,565,000 247,722 80,537 167,185 23.4 7.6 15.8 -1.5
1977 10,717,000 240,463 73,446 167,017 22.4 6.8 15.6 -1.4
1978 10,869,000 236,780 72,436 164,344 21.8 6.7 15.1 -1.2
1979 11,021,000 241,077 74,528 166,549 21.9 6.8 15.1 -1.3
1980 11,174,000 247,013 74,109 172,904 22.1 6.6 15.5 -1.8
1981 11,359,000 264,809 69,971 194,838 23.3 6.2 17.1 -0.9
1982 11,545,000 270,003 69,887 200,116 23.4 6.1 17.3 -1.2
1983 11,731,000 256,539 74,296 182,243 21.9 6.3 15.6 0.3
1984 11,916,000 265,016 74,669 190,347 22.2 6.3 15.9 -0.5
1985 12,047,000 261,978 73,534 188,444 21.7 6.1 15.6 -4.8
1986 12,248,000 272,997 72,209 200,788 22.3 5.9 16.4 0
1987 12,454,000 279,762 70,559 209,203 22.5 5.7 16.8 -0.3
1988 12,667,000 296,581 74,435 222,146 23.4 5.9 17.5 -0.7
1989 12,883,000 303,798 75,453 228,345 23.6 5.9 17.7 -1.0
1990 13,179,000 307,522 78,434 229,118 23.3 6.0 17.3 5.2
1991 13,422,000 299,456 74,862 224,594 22.3 5.6 16.7 1.4
1992 13,665,000 293,787 74,090 219,697 21.5 5.4 16.1 1.7 2.54
1993 13,908,000 290,438 76,261 214,177 20.9 5.5 15.4 2,1 2.48
1994 14,152,000 288,175 75,445 212,730 20.4 5.3 15.1 2,2 2.36
1995 14,395,000 279,928 78,517 201,411 19.4 5.5 13.9 2.9 2.28
1996 14,596,000 278,729 79,123 199,606 19.1 5.4 13.7 0.1 2.26
1997 14,796,000 273,641 78,472 195,169 18.5 5.3 13.2 0.3 2.21
1998 14,997,000 270,637 80,257 190,380 18.0 5.4 12.6 0.7 2.17
1999 15,197,000 263,867 81,984 181,883 17.4 5.4 12.0 1.2 2.11
2000 15,398,000 261,993 78,814 183,179 17.0 5.1 11.9 1.2 2.09
2001 15,572,000 259,069 81,871 177,198 16.6 5.3 11.3 -0.2 2.05
2002 15,746,000 251,559 81,080 170,479 16.0 5.1 10.9 0.2 1.99
2003 15,919,000 246,827 83,672 163,155 15.5 5.3 10.2 0.6 1.94
2004 16,093,000 242,476 86,138 156,338 15.1 5.4 9.7 1.1 1.90
2005 16,267,000 242,980 86,102 156,878 14.9 5.3 9.6 1.1 1.89
2006 16,433,000 243,561 85,639 157,922 14.8 5.2 9.6 0.5 1.88
2007 16,598,000 242,054 93,000 149,054 14.6 5.6 9.0 1.0 1.94
2008 16,763,000 248,366 90,168 158,198 14.8 5.4 9.4 0.4 1.97
2009 16,929,000 253,584 91,965 161,619 15.0 5.4 9.6 0.3 2.00
2010 17,094,000 251,199 97,930 153,269 14.7 5.7 9.0 0.7 1.97
2011 17,248,0001 247,358 94,985 152,373 14.4 5.5 8.9 0.1 1.94
2012 17,445,000 243,635 98,711 144,924 14.0 5.7 8.3 3.0 1.90
2013 17,612,000 242,862 99,770 143,092 13.8 5.7 8.1 1.4 1.85
2014 17,787,000 252,194 101,960 150,234 14.2 5.7 8.5 1.4 1.91
2015 17,971,000 245,406 103,327 142,079 13.6 5.7 7.9 2.4 1.86
2016 18,167,000 232,616 104,026 128,590 12.8 5.7 7.1 3.8 1.75
2017 18,419,192 219,494 106,388 113,106 11.9 5.8 6.1 7.7 1.65
2018 18,751,405 221,724 106,786 114,938 11.8 5.7 6.1 11.8 1.62
2019 19,107,216 210,188 109,658 100,530 11.0 5.7 5.3 13.5 1.50
2020 19,458,310 194,978 126,169 68,809 10.0 6.5 3.5 14.8 1.30
2021 19,678,363 177,273 137,629 39,644 9.0 6.9 2.1 9.3 1.17
2022 19,828,563 189,310 136,958 52,352 9.6 6.8 2.8 5.0 1.32
2023 19,960,889 173,920 121,270 52.650 8.7 6.0 2.7 4.1 1.2(e)

1This estimate and those of previous years were made before the 2012 census results were known.

(p) = preliminary figures.| 20201

Current vital statistics

[edit]

The Ine publishes monthly the vital statistics report.[15]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January - September 2023 133,498 91,968 +41,530
January - September 2024 103,674 91,783 +11,891
Difference Decrease -29,824 (-22.3%) Positive decrease -185 (-0.2%) Decrease -29,639

United Nations estimates

[edit]

The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [10]

Period Live births
per year 		Deaths
per year 		Natural change
per year 		CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
total males females
1950–1955 244,000 94,000 150,000 37.5 14.5 23.0 5.15 120 54.9 52.9 56.8
1955–1960 268,000 95,000 173,000 36.8 13.1 23.7 5.18 118 56.2 53.8 58.7
1960–1965 285,000 95,000 190,000 35.0 11.6 23.4 4.96 109 58.1 55.3 61.0
1965–1970 291,000 93,000 198,000 32.1 10.2 21.9 4.46 89 60.8 57.7 63.9
1970–1975 271,000 88,000 183,000 27.1 8.8 18.3 3.57 69 63.7 60.6 67.0
1975–1980 257,000 84,000 173,000 23.8 7.8 16.0 2.93 45 67.4 64.0 70.8
1980–1985 265,000 82,000 183,000 22.7 7.1 15.6 2.66 24 70.9 67.4 74.4
1985–1990 286,000 81,000 205,000 22.7 6.4 16.3 2.60 18 72.8 69.6 76.0
1990–1995 278,000 80,000 198,000 20.4 5.9 14.5 2.38 14 74.5 71.5 77.4
1995–2000 261,000 80,000 181,000 17.8 5.5 12.3 2.16 12 75.9 72.8 78.9
2000–2005 248,000 82,000 166,000 15.9 5.2 10.7 2.00 8 77.9 74.8 80.9
2005–2010 240,000 85,000 155,000 14.5 5.1 9.4 1.88 7 78.6 75.5 81.7
2010–2015 235,000 89,000 146,000 13.5 5.1 8.4 1.78 6 79.8 77.0 82.6
2015–2020 233,000 96,000 137,000 13.3 5.2 7.5 1.73 5 81.0 78.3 83.6
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Ethnic groups

[edit]
Main article: Chilean people
Ethnic groups background in Chile[16]
Ethnic groups Percent
White
 
 65.0%
Mestizo
 
 30.0%
Indigenous Chileans
 
 5.0%

Chile is a diverse society,[17] home to individuals with varied ethnic backgrounds. Studies on the ethnic makeup of Chile differ significantly from one another.

A public health book from the University of Chile states that 35% of the population are Mestizos with predominantly White admixture, with 60% being of Caucasoid origin and Amerindians comprising the remaining 5%.[18] UNAM professor of Latin American studies, Francisco Lizcano, estimates that 52.7% of the Chilean population can be classified as culturally European, with 39.3% being Mestizo and the remaining 8% belonging to Amerindian cultures.[19] Other social studies put the total number of Whites at over 60%.[20] According to the CIA World Factbook, the entire population consists of a combined 95.4% of "Whites and Mixed-Race people" and 4.6% of Amerindians. These figures are based on a national census held in 2002, which classified the population as indigenous and non-indigenous rather than as White or Mestizo.[21]

The 2011 Latinobarómetro survey asked respondents in Chile to identify their race, with the majority (67%) selecting "white," followed by "mestizo" (25%), and "indigenous" (8%).[22] In a 2002 national poll, the majority of Chileans reported having "some" (43.4%) or "much" (8.3%) indigenous ancestry, while 40.3% claimed to have none.[23]

According to Encyclopedia Britannica as of year 2002 only 22% of Chileans were white and 72% were mestizo.[24]

Indigenous communities

[edit]
Distribution of the pre-Hispanic people of Chile, north is to the right
Main article: Indigenous peoples in Chile
1902 photograph of a Mapuche girl from Concepción in southern Chile

The 1907 census reported 101,118 Indians, or 3.1% of the total country population. Only those that practiced their native culture or spoke their native language were considered, irrespective of their "racial purity."[25]

According to the 2002 census, only indigenous people that still practiced a native culture or spoke a native language were surveyed, and 4.6% of the population (692,192 people) fit that description. Of that 4.6%, 87.3% declared themselves Mapuche.[26] Most of the indigenous population show varying degrees of mixed ancestry.[27]

Chile is one of the twenty-two countries to have signed and ratified the only binding international law concerning indigenous peoples, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989.[28] It was adopted in 1989 as the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 169. Chile ratified the convention in 2008. In November 2009, a court decision in Chile, considered to be a landmark ruling in indigenous rights concerns, made use of the ILO convention 169. The Supreme Court decision on Aymara water rights upholds rulings by both the Pozo Almonte tribunal and the Iquique Court of Appeals, and marks the first judicial application of ILO Convention 169 in Chile.[29]

Chile administers Easter Island a territory 4,100 km west of the mainland. The Rapa Nui people are native to the island and are Polynesian in origin. About 3,500 live on the island,[30] but around 10,000 came to the mainland in the 20th century.[citation needed]

Those belonging to recognised indigenous communities (2002)
Community Population Percentage
Alacaluf 2,622
0.02%
Mapuche 604,349
4.00%
Atacameño 21,015
0.14%
Quechua 6,175
0.04%
Aymara 48,501
0.32%
Rapanui 4,647
0.03%
Colla 3,198
0.02%
Yaghan 1,685
0.01%

European immigration

[edit]
See also: Immigration to Chile
Historical groups of immigrants
Ethnicity Total
Spanish 16,200,000[31]
Basque 4,700,000[citation needed]
Mapuche 1,500,000[32]
Germans 1,000,000[33]
French 900,000[34]
Italian 800,000[34]
Arabs 800,000[35]
Croatian 800,000[36]
English 680,000[37]
Scottish 350,000[citation needed]
Irish 120,000[38]
Italian (Emilian) immigrants to Capitán Pastene in southern Chile.

Chile – located far from Europe and difficult to reach – was never an attractive place for migrants from Europe,[39][40] a situation recognized in the census of 1907, the census which recorded the highest percentage of Europeans versus the total population of Chile (2.2%).[41]

The observed increase in 1885 is due in large part to the annexation of three provinces after the Pacific War and the final conquest of the Araucanía. Given that our country receives almost no foreign immigration, this increase is significant, when compared with that of more advanced countries in this regard. The comparative table that follows demonstrates this:

(...)

Except for those lucky countries that have seen in the last half century flocking to its beaches a huge influx of immigrants, a situation that unfortunately is not ours, the rate of increase of the population of Chile, figures honorably between the rate of the most prosperous countries on Earth.

— National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas)[41]

European migration in the 19th century did not result in a remarkable change in the ethnic composition of Chile, except in the region of Magellan and the city of Concepcion in the BIO-BIO Region.[42]

Spain and France was the largest source of European immigration to Chile during the 17th and 18th centuries, specially from the deep southern parts of Andalusia and Extremadura, which contributed to the Chilean ethnogenesis with thousands of peasants who migrated to the fertile lands of the Chilean Central Valley alongside the Basque merchants who started to arrive in the 18th century in great numbers.

The largest contingent of people to have arrived in post-independence Chile came from Spain and from the Basque country, a region divided between northern Spain and southern France. Estimates of the number of Chileans who have one or two surnames of Basque origin range from 10% (1,600,000) to as high as 20% (3,200,000).[43][44][45][46][47][48][49] Note that this phenomenon occurs not only in Chile, but also in every Autonomous Community of Spain,[50] as well as in other Latin American countries – one can see that a substantial portion of their populations have one or two surnames of Basque or Navarre origin,[51][52][53][54][55][56] tending to be more common in the upper classes, and hence becoming more unusual in lower classes.[57]

Chile's various waves of non-Spanish immigrants include Italians, Irish, French, Greeks, Germans, English, Scots, Croats, and Poles.

In 1848 an important and substantial German immigration took place, laying the foundation for the German-Chilean community.[58][59] Sponsored by the Chilean government for the colonization of the southern region, the Germans (including German-speaking Swiss, Silesians, Alsatians and Austrians), strongly influenced the cultural and racial composition of the southern provinces of Chile. It is difficult to count the number of descendants of Germans in Chile, given the great amount of time since 1848. Because many areas of southern Chile were sparsely populated, the traces of German immigration there are quite noticeable. An independent estimate calculates that about 500,000 Chileans could descend from German immigrants.[60]

Other historically significant immigrant groups included Croats, whose descendants today are estimated at 380,000 persons, or 2.4% of the Chilean population.[61][62] Some authors claim that close to 4.6% of the Chilean population must have some Croatian ancestry.[63] Over 700,000 Chileans (4.5% of the Chilean population) may have British (English, Scottish or Welsh) and Irish forebears.[64] Chileans of Greek descent are estimated to number between 90,000 and 120,000;[65] most live in or near either Santiago or Antofagasta, and Chile is one of the five countries in the world most populated with descendants of Greeks.[66] The descendants of Swiss immigrants add 90,000,[67] and estimates suggest that about 5% of the Chilean population has some French ancestry.[68] 600,000 Chileans descend from Italian immigrants. Other groups of Europeans exist but are found in smaller numbers, such as the descendants of Austrians[69][need quotation to verify] and Dutchmen (estimated at about 50,000).[70][71]

Latin American immigrants

[edit]
See also: Immigration to Chile

Since the reestablishment of democracy in Chile, the former tendency for emigrants from the country to outnumber immigrants to it has reversed. Chile now is one of the two countries in Latin America with a positive migration rate.[72] Since 1990, with the opening of Chile to the world, through a free market system, and the consequent socioeconomic development of the country, has been noted the attraction of a significant number of immigrants from various Latin American countries, which represented in Census 2017, approximately 1,200,000 people, corresponding to 7% of the population residing in the Chilean territory, without counting their descendants born in Chile, due to the effects of the ius soli.[73] Their main origins, corresponds to: 288,233 Venezuelans, 223,923 Peruvians, 179,338 Haitians, 146,582 Colombians, 107,346 Bolivians, 74,713 Argentines, 36,994 Ecuadorians, 18,185 Brazilians, 17,959 Dominicans, 15,837 Cubans and 8,975 Mexicans.[74]

This has prompted a change in the physiognomy of certain communes in the country where its number is concentrated. In communes such as Santiago Centro and Independencia, 1/3 of residents is a Latin American immigrant (28% and 31% of the population of these communes, respectively).[75] Other communes of Greater Santiago with high numbers of immigrants are Estación Central (17%) and Recoleta (16%).[76] In the northern regions such as Antofagasta region, 17.3% of the population is a Latin American foreigner, with communes such as Ollagüe (31%), Mejillones (16%), Sierra Gorda (16%) and Antofagasta (11%), with high percentages of Latin American immigrants, mainly Bolivians, Colombians and Peruvians.[77]

Other ethnic groups

[edit]

It is estimated that about 5% of the population (800,000) is descendant of Asian immigrants, chiefly from the Middle East (i.e. Palestinians, Syrians and Lebanese, see Arab Chileans).[78][79] Most of these are Christians from the Levant,[80] of whom roughly 500,000 are Palestinian descendants, mostly Christians, are believed to reside in Chile.[81][82][83][84][85][86] Additionally, about 18,000–25,000 Jews reside in Chile.[87]

In recent years, Chile has had a growing East Asian population, mainly from China (see Chinese Chilean), but also from Japan (see Japanese Chilean) and South Korea (see Koreans in Chile). The earliest wave of East Asian immigration took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly Chinese and Japanese contract laborers.

There is a sizable population of Romani people in Chile. They are widely and easily recognized, and continue to hold on to their traditions and language, and many continue to live semi-nomadic lifestyles traveling from city to city and living in small tented communities[88]

Population genetics

[edit]

Genetics studies fluctuate between 57,8% and 67.9% European;[89][90][91][92] between 32.1% and 44.3% Amerindian;[90][93] and 2.5%—6.3% African ancestry percentages.[94][89] A genetic study by the University of Chile found that the average Chilean's genetic makeup consists of 64% Caucasian and 35% Amerindian ancestry.[95] In a 2014 study of Chilean soldiers stationed in Arica, researchers found that the average self-identifying white person (37.9%) was genetically only 54% European.[96]

Languages

[edit]
Languages background in Chile[16]
Languages Percent
Spanish
 
 99.5%
English
 
 10.2%
Indigenous (Mapudungun, Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui)
 
 1%
Other
 
 2.3%
Unspecified
 
 0.2%
Main article: Languages of Chile

The Spanish spoken in Chile is distinctively accented and quite unlike that of neighbouring South American countries because final syllables and "s" sounds are dropped, and some consonants have a soft pronunciation.[97][98] Accent varies only very slightly from north to south; more noticeable are the small differences in accent based on social class or whether one lives in the city or the country. That the Chilean population was largely formed in a small section at the center of the country and then migrated in modest numbers to the north and south helps explain this relative lack of differentiation, which was maintained by the national reach of radio, and now television, which also helps to diffuse and homogenize colloquial expressions.[99]

There are several indigenous languages spoken in Chile: Mapudungun, Quechua, Aymara and Rapa Nui. After the Spanish invasion, Spanish took over as the lingua franca and the indigenous languages have become minority languages, with some now extinct or close to extinction.[100]

German is spoken to a great extent in southern Chile,[101] either in small countryside pockets or as a second language among the communities of larger cities.

Through initiatives such as the English Opens Doors program, the government made English mandatory for students in fifth-grade and above in public schools. Most private schools in Chile start teaching English from kindergarten.[102] Common English words have been absorbed and appropriated into everyday Spanish speech.[103] Since 2010, all students from 3rd grade in secondary school have been tested on listening and reading comprehension in English. The evaluation is compulsory and the instrument is TOIEC Bridge, developed by Educational Testing Service.

Religion

[edit]
Religious background in Chile (2021 est.)[16]
Religion Percent
Roman Catholic
 
 42%
None
 
 37%
Evangelical
 
 14%
Other
 
 6%
Main article: Religion in Chile

Christianity is the most widely professed religion in Chile, with Catholicism being its largest denomination.

Graphs and maps

[edit]
  • Chile. Population density by commune, based on 2002 census (2009)
    Chile. Population density by commune, based on 2002 census (2009)
  • Population from 1820, projected up to 2050
    Population from 1820, projected up to 2050
  • Agglomerations and cities above 10,000 inhabitants in 2005
    Agglomerations and cities above 10,000 inhabitants in 2005
  • Life expectancy in Chile since 1900
    Life expectancy in Chile since 1900
  • Life expectancy in Chile since 1960 by gender
    Life expectancy in Chile since 1960 by gender

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Chile". March 7, 2023.
  4. ^ a b "Medición de Pueblos Indígenas y Afrodescendientes en el Censo de Población y Vivienda 2017" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. November 2018.
  5. ^ "Extranjeros en Chile superan el millón 110 mil y el 72% se concentra en dos regiones: Antofagasta y Metropolitana". El Mercurio. April 9, 2018. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  6. ^ "Anuario Estadísticas Vitales 2003". Instituto National de Estadísticas.
  7. ^ "Chile: Proyecciones y Estimaciones de Población. Total País 1950–2050" (PDF). Instituto National de Estadísticas.
  8. ^ "List of Chilean cities". Observatorio Urbano, Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo de Chile. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
  9. ^ "CHILE: Proyecciones y Estimaciones de Población . Total País 1950-2050CHILE: Proyecciones y Estimaciones de Población . Total País 1950-2050". Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
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  13. ^ "DEIS". deis.cl. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  14. ^ "Series y gráficos de natalidad - 1950-2012". DEIS - Ministerio de Salud. Archived from the original on June 5, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
  15. ^ "Enero de 2024: número de nacimientos, matrimonios y muertes bajan interanualmente". Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  16. ^ a b c "South America :: CHILE". CIA The World Factbook. February 28, 2023.
  17. ^ Omotayo, Folake (April 12, 2018). "Chile Country Profile". BBC.
  18. ^ "5.2.6. Estructura racial". La Universidad de Chile. Archived from the original on October 16, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007. (Main page)
  19. ^ Fernández, Francisco Lizcano (2007). Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. ISBN 9789707570528.
  20. ^ Fabregat, Claudio Esteva (1988). El mestizaje en Iberoamérica [Mestizaje in Ibero-America] (in Spanish). Alhambra. OCLC 607746880.[page needed]
  21. ^ "CIA World Factbook: Chile". Cia.gov. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  22. ^ Informe Latinobarómetro 2011 Archived January 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Latinobarómetro.
  23. ^ "Encuesta CEP, Julio 2002" (in Spanish). July 2002. Archived from the original on April 29, 2013. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
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  29. ^ "Chile's Supreme Court Upholds Indigenous Water Use Rights". The Santiago Times. November 30, 2009. Archived from the original on March 3, 2010. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  30. ^ Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Chile Archived March 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine(INE).
  31. ^ "Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019)". {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  32. ^ Aravena Reyes, Andrea (2014). "Identidad indígena en Chile en contexto de migración, urbanización y globalización". Amérique Latine Histoire et Mémoire. Les Cahiers ALHIM (27). doi:10.4000/alhim.4942. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  33. ^ "Alemanes en Chile: Entre el pasado colono y el presente empresarial | DW | 31.03.2011". Deutsche Welle.
  34. ^ a b Parvex, Ricardo (2014). "Le Chili et les mouvements migratoires". Hommes & Migrations (1305): 71–76. doi:10.4000/hommesmigrations.2720.
  35. ^ "Arabs in the Andes? Chile, the Unlikely Long-Term Home of a Large Palestinian Community". International Business Times. October 31, 2013.
  36. ^ "Domovina - Inmigrantes croatas en Chile". Archived from the original on July 2, 2015.
  37. ^ ".:: Biografía de Chile ::. Historia de Chile - Otros Artículos - Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX. -". Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
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  39. ^ De los Vascos, Oñati y los Elorza Archived August 19, 2013, at the Wayback Machine "...De Los Vascos, Oñati Y Los Elorza" by Waldo Ayarza Elorza. Page 59, 65, 66
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  41. ^ a b Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas: 1907 Population Census, Page XVII (Page 14/1277 in the PDF document) (in Spanish)
  42. ^ Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile: Censo de población de 1907, page-PDF 55/1277 and page-PDF 1249/1277 (in Spanish)
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  47. ^ (in Spanish) La población chilena con ascendencia vasca bordea entre el 15% y el 20% del total, por lo que es uno de los países con mayor presencia de emigrantes venidos de Euskadi. Archived February 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  48. ^ De los Vascos, Oñati y los Elorza Archived August 19, 2013, at the Wayback Machine De Los Vascos, Oñati y Los Elorza Waldo Ayarza Elorza.
  49. ^ (in Spanish) Presencia vasca en Chile.
  50. ^ Román, Fernando González del Campo. "Apellidos y Migraciones Internas en La España Cristiana de La Reconquista" (PDF).
  51. ^ "Presente y futuro de los Centros Vascos en Argentina (I de III)". Archived from the original on September 21, 2003. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  52. ^ Luis Gorostiza, (1912).[full citation needed]
  53. ^ Vascos en Colombia, Tomos 1 y 2, Francisco de Abrisketa, Jaime de Kerexet
  54. ^ Christian, Shirley (November 21, 1989). "Montevideo Journal: Basques Have Lots to Boast of (and at Times Do)". The New York Times. Retrieved April 26, 2010. A fourth of Uruguay's three million people have at least one parent with a Basque surname.
  55. ^ Bacaicoa Sanz, Francisco: "Apellidos vascos en el México de los Virreyes", en BIAEV, XXX, Bilbao, 1979.
  56. ^ De Ispizúa, Segundo: Los vascos en América: Simón Bolívar Volumen 2; Volumen 5
  57. ^ Presencia vasca en América, 1492–1992: una mirada crítica

    (Fragment)Hoy día los apellidos vascos son frecuentes en los grupos dirigentes, políticos y económicos, de gran número de países de América Latina. Una lista de las cincuenta mayores familias propietarias de Argentina...

  58. ^ (in Spanish) Los colonos Archived January 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  59. ^ (in Spanish) Alemanes en Chile. Archived October 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  60. ^ "Alemanes en Chile: entre el pasado colono y el presente empresarial" (in Spanish). Deustche-Welle. March 31, 2011. Retrieved December 22, 2012. Hoy, el perfil de los alemanes residentes aquí es distinto y ya no tienen el peso numérico que alguna vez alcanzaron. En los años 40 y 50 eran en Chile el segundo mayor grupo de extranjeros, representando el 13% (13.000 alemanes). Según el último censo de 2002, en cambio, están en el octavo lugar: son sólo 5.500 personas, lo que equivale al 3% de los foráneos. Sin embargo, la colonia formada por familias de origen alemán es activa y numerosa. Según explica Karla Berndt, gerente de comunicaciones de la Cámara Chileno-Alemana de Comercio (Camchal), los descendientes suman 500.000. Concentrados en el sur y centro del país, donde encuentran un clima más afín, su red de instituciones es amplia. "Hay clínicas, clubes, una Liga Chileno-Alemana, compañías de bomberos y un periódico semanal en alemán llamado Cóndor. Chile es el lugar en el que se concentra el mayor número de colegios alemanes, 24, lo que es mucho para un país tan chico de sólo 16 millones de habitantes", relata Berndt. / (Translation) Today, the profile of the Germans living here is different and now they no longer have the numerical weight they once reached. In the 1940s and 1950s they were the second-largest foreign group in Chile, accounting for 13% (13,000 Germans). According to the last census in 2002, however, they are in eighth place: they are only 5,500 people, equivalent to 3% of outsiders. However, the colony of families of German origin is active and numerous. According to Karla Berndt, communications manager for the German-Chilean Chamber of Commerce (Camchal), descendants totaled 500,000. Concentrated in the south and center of the country, where they find a more congenial climate, its network of institutions is wide. "There are clinics, clubs, a Chilean-German League, fire companies and a German weekly newspaper called Condor. Chile is the place with the largest concentration of German schools, 24 which is a lot for such a small country of only 16 million people", says Berndt.
  61. ^ (in Spanish) Diaspora Croata.
  62. ^ Splitski osnovnoškolci rođeni u Čileu. Archived September 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
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  65. ^ (in Spanish) Embajada de Grecia en Chile. Archived October 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  66. ^ (in Spanish) Griegos de Chile Archived October 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
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  68. ^ (in Spanish) 5% de los chilenos tiene origen frances. Archived April 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
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  76. ^ Estas son las comunas de Chile con mayor porcentaje de población extranjera. 24 Horas Chile. Published 2018-5-5.
  77. ^ El 11% de los habitantes de Antofagasta son extranjeros. Soy Antofagasta. Published: 2018-5-5.
  78. ^ (in Spanish) Arabes de Chile.
  79. ^ (in Spanish) En Chile viven unas 700.000 personas de origen árabe y de ellas 500.000 son descendientes de emigrantes palestinos que llegaron a comienzos del siglo pasado y que constituyen la comunidad de ese origen más grande fuera del mundo árabe. Archived March 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
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  93. ^ Fuentes, Macarena; Pulgar, Iván; Gallo, Carla; Bortolini, María-Cátira; Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel; Bedoya, Gabriel; González-José, Rolando; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Rothhammer, Francisco (March 2014). "Geografía génica de Chile: Distribución regional de los aportes genéticos americanos, europeos y africanos" [Gene geography of Chile. Regional distribution of American, European and African genetic contributions]. Revista médica de Chile (in Spanish). 142 (3): 281–289. doi:10.4067/S0034-98872014000300001. hdl:10183/118734. PMID 25052264.
  94. ^ Homburger, Julian R.; Moreno-Estrada, Andrés; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Nelson, Dominic; Sanchez, Elena; Ortiz-Tello, Patricia; Pons-Estel, Bernardo A.; Acevedo-Vasquez, Eduardo; Miranda, Pedro; Langefeld, Carl D.; Gravel, Simon; Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E.; Bustamante, Carlos D. (December 4, 2015). "Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America". PLOS Genetics. 11 (12): e1005602. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602. PMC 4670080. PMID 26636962.
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